PAMAM Dendrimers
Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers are hyperbranched polymers with unparalleled molecular uniformity, narrow molecular weight distribution, defined size and shape characteristics and a multifunctional terminal surface. These nanoscale polymers consist of an ethylenediamine core, a repetitive branching amidoamine internal structure and a primary amine terminal surface. Dendrimers are “grown” off a central core in an iterative manufacturing process, with each subsequent step representing a new “generation” of dendrimer. Increasing generations (molecular weight) produce larger molecular diameters, twice the number of reactive surface sites, and approximately double the molecular weight of the preceding generation. PAMAM dendrimers also assume a spheroidal, globular shape at Generation 4 and above (see molecular simulation below). Their functionality is readily tailored, and their uniformity, size and highly reactive “molecular Velcro” surfaces are the functional keys to their use.
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Generation 2 PAMAM Dendrimer
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Dendrimer Terminal Group
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The term "dendrimer" was derived from its tree-like branching structure. The tables below show the calculated properties* of primary amine surface PAMAM dendrimers by generation, followed by common alternative surfaces. For mixed surfaces or other customized dendrimers, please inquire.
Generation |
Molecular Weight |
Measured Diameter (Å) |
Surface Groups |
|
0 |
517 |
15 |
4 |
|
1 |
1,430 |
22 |
8 |
|
2 |
3,256 |
29 |
16 |
|
3 |
6,909 |
36 |
32 |
|
4 |
14,215 |
45 |
64 |
|
5 |
28,826 |
54 |
128 |
|
6 |
58,048 |
67 |
256 |
|
7 |
116,493 |
81 |
512 |
|
8 |
233,383 |
97 |
1024 |
|
9 |
467,162 |
114 |
2048 |
|
10 |
934,720 |
135 |
4096 |
*Theoretical Properties, not to be used as specifications.
Generation |
Molecular
|
End Groups* |
|
HYDROXY SURFACE PAMAM
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|
|
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PAMAM Dendrimer G2-OH
|
3272
|
16
|
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PAMAM Dendrimer G3-OH
|
6941
|
32
|
|
PAMAM Dendrimer G4-OH
|
14279
|
64
|
|
PAMAM Dendrimer G5-OH
|
28954
|
128
|
| PAMAM Dendrimer G6-OH | 58304 | 256 |
| PAMAM Dendrimer G7-OH | 117005 | 512 |
| SUCCINAMIC ACID SURFACE PAMAM | ||
| PAMAM Dendrimer G2-SA Succinamic acid | 4856 | 16 |
| PAMAM Dendrimer G3-SA Succinamic acid | 10109 | 32 |
| PAMAM Dendrimer G4-SA Succinamic acid | 20615 | 64 |
| PAMAM Dendrimer G5-SA Succinamic acid | 41626 | 128 |
| PAMAM Dendrimer G6-SA Succinamic acid | 83648 | 256 |
| SODIUM CARBOXYLATE SURFACE PAMAM | ||
| PAMAM Dendrimer G0.5 Caboxylate Sodium Salt | 1269 | 8 |
| PAMAM Dendrimer G1.5 Caboxylate Sodium Salt | 2935 | 16 |
| PAMAM Dendrimer G2.5 Caboxylate Sodium Salt | 6267 | 32 |
| PAMAM Dendrimer G3.5 Caboxylate Sodium Salt | 12931 | 64 |
| PAMAM Dendrimer G4.5 Caboxylate Sodium Salt | 26258 | 128 |
| PAMAM Dendrimer G5.5 Caboxylate Sodium Salt | 52913 | 256 |
| PAMAM Dendrimer G6.5 Caboxylate Sodium Salt | 106222 | 512 |
| PAMAM Dendrimer G7.5 Caboxylate Sodium Salt | 212841 | 1024 |
| HYDROPHOBE SUBSTITUTED PAMAM | ||
| PAMAM Dendrimer G2-25% C12 Hydrophobe | 4730 | Mixed amine/hydrophobe |
| PAMAM Dendrimer G2-50% C12 Hydrophobe | 6205 | Mixed amine/hydrophobe |
| PAMAM Dendrimer G3-25% C12 Hydrophobe | 9857 | Mixed amine/hydrophobe |
| PAMAM Dendrimer G3-50% C12 Hydrophobe | 12807 | Mixed amine/hydrophobe |
| PAMAM Dendrimer G4-25% C12 Hydrophobe | 20112 | Mixed amine/hydrophobe |
| PAMAM Dendrimer G4-50% C12 Hydrophobe | 26010 | Mixed amine/hydrophobe |
Note: Hydrophobe substituted is average molecular weight and average
substitution; statistical distributions are obtained.
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Below: The step-growth reaction of EDA to Generation 5 PAMAM Dendrimer |
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